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• the generation of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) • the development of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species are dangerous forms of oxygen molecules generated by UV rays and pollution. They attack and react with stable molecules within skin cells. This causes non-reversible damage to the cell, cross-links collagen and elastin (the cause of wrinkles) and lessens skin’s natural ability to repair itself. The same glucose (sugar) that provides energy for our cells can also react with proteins, including the skin’s collagen. This reaction results in the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products, which contribute to cross-linking of collagen protein fibers (which causes wrinkles), inflammation, inhibited skin cell growth and accelerated aging. To control the formation of AGEs: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matrix Metalloproteinases are enzymes activated by UV exposure or inflammation. They contribute to the breakdown of existing collagen while inhibiting the formation of new collagen. Long term activation of MMPs results in disorganization and destruction of the skin matrix – two key characteristics of photoaged skin. To control the formation of MMPs: |
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